Water Heater Installation in Nampa, ID: A Homeowner’s Guide to Sizing, Efficiency & Long-Term Reliability

January 16, 2026
 

Make your next water heater decision once—not twice

If you’re shopping for water heater installation in Nampa, Idaho, it’s usually because something is already stressful: inconsistent hot water, a leaking tank, rusty water, or a unit that’s simply aged out. The good news is that a smart install (proper sizing, correct venting, safe temperature settings, and a plan for local water conditions) can improve comfort, reduce surprise breakdowns, and keep operating costs predictable.

1) Start with the right type: tank vs. tankless (and what really matters)

Most homes in the Treasure Valley choose between two common options: a traditional tank (storage) water heater or a tankless (on-demand) water heater. Both can work well in Nampa—what matters is matching the system to your household’s demand, your home’s fuel/venting setup, and your expectations.

Where tank water heaters shine

Tank units are straightforward, typically cost less up front, and are a solid fit for many families—especially when installed correctly with a quality expansion tank (when needed), a safe drain pan routing, and properly set temperature and relief components.

Where tankless water heaters shine

Tankless units can provide long showers and back-to-back uses without “running out,” but they must be sized to deliver enough flow rate at the temperature rise your home needs. They also require correct gas line sizing (for gas models), venting, and regular descaling to stay reliable.

2) Sizing: the #1 reason homeowners end up disappointed

“Bigger” isn’t always better. The right water heater size depends on how many people live in the home, how many bathrooms you have, and when you typically use hot water (morning rush, evening laundry, etc.). Undersized units cause lukewarm showers and recovery delays. Oversized units can waste energy and shorten equipment life if the system is misconfigured.

Quick sizing cues (not a substitute for a pro assessment)

Household / usage pattern Typical pain point What to verify during install
1–2 people, 1–2 baths “Hot water runs out only sometimes” Tank recovery rate, thermostat setting, dip tube condition
3–4 people, morning rush “Second shower goes cold” Peak-hour demand, fixture flow rates, whether a mixing valve helps
Large family, multiple simultaneous uses “Laundry + showers = no hot water” Tank size or tankless flow at required temperature rise; gas line sizing/venting
Home with soaking tub / luxury shower “Takes forever to fill” Dedicated capacity planning and safe temperature control strategy

Tip: A professional assessment looks beyond “gallons” and includes recovery rate, incoming water temperature, and real-life usage patterns.

3) Water temperature, safety, and comfort: set it intentionally

Many manufacturers ship water heaters set hotter than most households need. For many homes, 120°F is a common target that balances comfort and safety, while also reducing standby losses. The U.S. Department of Energy notes that most households typically only require 120°F and that higher settings can increase scald risk. (energy.gov)

When higher storage temps may be used

In some situations, higher storage temperatures are used to limit bacterial growth risk—paired with a tempering/mixing valve to deliver safer tap temperatures. DOE notes this tradeoff and discusses using temperature-regulating devices to reduce scald risk. (energy.gov)

4) “Did you know?” quick facts that can lower hot-water costs

WaterSense showerheads cut hot-water demand
Standard showerheads use 2.5 gpm; WaterSense-labeled models use no more than 2.0 gpm. The EPA estimates the average family could save about 2,700 gallons per year by installing WaterSense showerheads—plus energy savings from heating less water. (epa.gov)
Faucet aerators are a small upgrade with real impact
The EPA notes that replacing old, inefficient faucets/aerators with WaterSense-labeled options can save the average family around 700 gallons per year, and those water savings also reduce hot-water energy use. (epa.gov)
Toilets can be a hidden “water heater helper”
Toilets don’t use hot water, but they do affect total household water use and utility costs. EPA reports that replacing old toilets with WaterSense-labeled models can save an average family about 13,000 gallons per year. (epa.gov)

5) Step-by-step: what a quality water heater installation should include

Step 1: Confirm fuel type, venting, and location constraints

Gas, electric, and heat pump water heaters all have different requirements. A professional will confirm venting materials, combustion air needs (for gas), clearance requirements, and whether the existing location is still the best choice for safety and service access.

Step 2: Size for real peak demand

Expect the plumber to ask about number of occupants, bathrooms, daily routines, and any “big users” (oversized tub, multi-head shower, frequent laundry). This is how you avoid the “it worked at the store but not at home” problem.

Step 3: Install safety and protection components correctly

A proper install includes correctly piped temperature/pressure relief protection, appropriate shutoff valves, and smart leak-risk reduction (like a correctly routed drain pan where required/appropriate). If your home needs thermal expansion control, it should be addressed—not ignored.

Step 4: Set temperature intentionally and discuss scald protection

Many households aim for ~120°F for comfort and safety, with guidance from the manufacturer and your plumber. DOE notes 120°F is sufficient for most households and helps reduce scald risk compared to 140°F. (energy.gov)

Step 5: Explain maintenance that prevents premature failure

A good contractor will tell you what your unit needs (and how often): flushing, anode rod checks, tankless descaling, and what warning signs to watch for. This is where long-term reliability comes from.

6) The local Nampa angle: water conditions and what they mean for your heater

Water conditions can change by neighborhood and supply source, but homeowners around the Treasure Valley often ask about hardness and scale. Third-party compilations of municipal report data list Nampa’s average hardness around 3.6 grains per gallon (with Boise reported higher in that same listing). (aquatell.com)

Why hardness still matters—even when it’s “not that bad”

Any mineral content can contribute to buildup over time, especially if the heater runs hot or the home has high hot-water usage. If you’ve had repeated water heater issues (premature element failure, noisy tank, reduced efficiency), it may be worth discussing filtration or softening options alongside installation—particularly for protecting fixtures and extending equipment life.

7) Related services that protect your water heater investment

Drain issues can mimic water heater problems

Slow drains and partial blockages can show up as “low hot water pressure” at the shower, or cause backups that create urgent plumbing calls. Preventive drain cleaning can reduce emergency surprises.

Leaks and pipe condition affect heater performance

A water heater can be perfectly sized and installed—and still feel “weak” if you have compromised piping, hidden leaks, or corrosion. If you’re dealing with recurring issues, it may be time for an assessment.

Updating fixtures can reduce hot water demand

If you’re remodeling or simply replacing worn fixtures, efficient faucets and showerheads can reduce hot water use and improve comfort at the same time.

Schedule water heater installation in Nampa with a local, family-owned team

Cloverdale Plumbing has served the Treasure Valley since 1953, with 24/7 emergency support and experienced installation for tank and tankless systems. If you want clear options, clean workmanship, and straightforward communication, we’re ready to help.

FAQ: Water heater installation in Nampa, Idaho

How do I know if my water heater needs replacement or repair?

Replace is more likely when you see a tank leak, extensive corrosion, repeated breakdowns, or you can’t maintain stable hot water. Repair may make sense for a failed heating element, thermostat issues, minor valve replacements, or a one-time ignition problem—assuming the tank itself is healthy.

Is tankless always better for a family home?

Not always. Tankless can be excellent for long, continuous usage, but it must be sized correctly and maintained (descaling). A properly sized, well-installed tank heater can be very dependable and cost-effective for many Nampa households.

What temperature should my water heater be set to?

Many homes target about 120°F for a balance of comfort, efficiency, and reduced scald risk. The U.S. Department of Energy notes most households usually only require 120°F. (energy.gov)

Can new fixtures actually help my hot water last longer?

Yes. Reducing flow reduces how fast you draw down stored hot water (or how hard your tankless has to work). EPA notes WaterSense-labeled showerheads can save about 2,700 gallons per year and use no more than 2.0 gpm. (epa.gov)

Do I need a water softener to protect my new water heater?

It depends on your water and your goals. Even moderate mineral content can build up over time, especially with high usage. If you’ve had scale-related issues before (noisy tank, reduced efficiency, frequent element replacement), it’s worth discussing water treatment as part of the installation plan.

Glossary (helpful terms you may hear during an install)

Expansion tank
A small tank that helps manage pressure changes in a closed plumbing system as water heats and expands.
Tempering (mixing) valve
A valve that blends hot and cold water to deliver a safer temperature at fixtures, commonly used to reduce scald risk.
T&P relief valve
A safety device on storage water heaters that opens if temperature or pressure becomes unsafe.
Recovery rate
How quickly a tank water heater can reheat water after you’ve used a large amount—critical for families with back-to-back showers.
Descaling
A maintenance process (often for tankless systems) that removes mineral buildup to maintain efficiency and protect internal components.

Plumbing Remodels in Caldwell, ID: How to Upgrade Your Kitchen or Bath Without Surprise Leaks

January 15, 2026

A remodel should feel like a fresh start—not a plumbing gamble

If you’re planning plumbing remodels in Caldwell, Idaho, the most common headaches aren’t the tile or paint—they’re hidden: undersized drains, aging supply lines, slow leaks behind walls, and water pressure problems that show up right after the “pretty” work is finished. The good news is that most remodel plumbing problems are avoidable with a clear plan and the right sequencing.

At Cloverdale Plumbing, we’ve helped Treasure Valley homeowners make smart plumbing choices since 1953—whether the goal is a simple fixture swap, a full bathroom layout change, or a kitchen redesign that finally functions the way your family lives.

What “remodel plumbing” really includes (and what it doesn’t)

A plumbing remodel is more than installing a new faucet. Depending on your scope, it can include relocating drains and vents, rerouting hot/cold supply lines, adding shutoff valves, updating trap arms, replacing old corroded piping, and confirming your system can handle modern fixtures (like high-flow tub fillers or multiple shower heads).

The key question isn’t only “Will it look good?” It’s “Will it drain quietly, hold pressure, and stay leak-free for years?”

Context: why Treasure Valley homes often need “behind-the-walls” updates during a remodel

Remodels expose what daily life hides. Once walls open up, it’s common to discover older materials (including galvanized pipe in some homes) that can corrode internally and restrict flow over time. Many plumbing sources note galvanized piping often falls in the 40–60 year range for typical service life, with real-world conditions (water quality and mineral content) affecting how quickly corrosion and flow restriction show up. (wedorepipes.com)

If your remodel is already disrupting finishes, it’s often the best moment to address questionable supply lines, shutoffs, and drains—so you don’t have to reopen walls later.

Step-by-step: a practical plumbing plan for a kitchen or bathroom remodel

1) Start with function, then pick fixtures

Before you fall in love with a vanity or sink, confirm what’s feasible: drain location, vent path, water supply routing, and whether you want to move a toilet, shower, or kitchen sink. Moving drains is often possible—but it changes cost, timeline, and permitting.

2) Decide what stays and what gets replaced

A “partial” plumbing update can work if existing piping is in good condition and properly sized. But if you’re seeing repeated leaks, discolored water, or low pressure in multiple fixtures, those are common indicators of broader piping issues that may be better solved with repair/replacement rather than repeated patches. (integrityrepipe.com)

3) Add smart shutoffs while the wall is open

Remodel time is ideal for adding accessible, labeled shutoff valves to bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry zones. In a real leak, the fastest way to reduce damage is isolating water quickly—without hunting for a main shutoff in the dark.

4) Don’t forget drainage performance (pitch, venting, and cleanouts)

Great-looking fixtures still fail if the drainage layout is wrong. Your plumber should verify slope, venting strategy, and access for service. Planning a kitchen? Think ahead about grease and food buildup risks and whether periodic professional drain cleaning is a good preventive step.

5) Schedule plumbing rough-in before drywall, and final hookup after finishes

The smoothest remodels treat plumbing like a two-phase job: rough-in (in-wall) and trim-out (fixtures). This keeps inspections and pressure tests on track and prevents rushed work after tile and cabinets are installed.

6) Plan for “day-two problems” like water heater capacity

Upgrading to a larger tub, multi-spray shower, or a busy household schedule can outpace an older water heater. Remodel time is a smart moment to confirm sizing, condition, and maintenance needs—especially if your current unit has already shown signs of leaking or temperature swings.

Quick comparison: fixture swap vs. full plumbing relocation

Remodel scope What it usually includes Best for Common risk if rushed
Fixture replacement (same locations) New faucet/toilet/vanity, new traps and supplies, minor updates Budget-conscious upgrades, quick refresh Hidden leaks from old shutoffs/supply lines left in place
Partial plumbing update (select lines replaced) Replace accessible supply lines, add shutoffs, targeted drain/vent repairs Homes with a few known weak points Mixing old/new materials without a clear plan
Relocation remodel (moving drains/fixtures) Reroute drains/vents/supplies, possible slab/crawl access work, inspection coordination Layout changes, accessibility upgrades, full redesign Drain slope/venting mistakes that cause slow drains or sewer odors

Tip: even “simple” swaps can benefit from a quick plumbing check if your home is older or you’ve had recurring clogs, leaks, or pressure problems.

Did you know? Small plumbing choices can protect your remodel

Quiet drains aren’t an accident
Proper venting helps prevent gurgling, slow drains, and sewer odor—especially after layout changes.
Hard water can shorten fixture “shine”
Treasure Valley water hardness varies by area. Nearby city data often shows moderate-to-hard readings (for example, Boise around 6 grains per gallon and Meridian around 8). (aquatell.com)
A remodel is the best time for prevention
Open walls make it easier to update aging valves and piping—before they become an emergency.

Caldwell-specific remodel considerations

Caldwell homes range from older neighborhoods with long-established plumbing to newer builds with modern materials. If your home is older and you’re changing plumbing locations, plan for a few realities: access (crawlspace vs. slab), the condition of existing shutoffs and drains, and whether you want to add water treatment for scale control on new fixtures.

Permitting requirements can vary by jurisdiction and project scope. As a general rule in nearby Boise, plumbing or drain relocations typically require permits and inspections. If your remodel includes moving plumbing, it’s wise to confirm the permit path early so your schedule doesn’t stall mid-project. (remodelboise.com)

If you’d like, Cloverdale Plumbing can help you map out what work is needed, what can stay, and what should be updated while everything is already open.

Related services (when remodel work uncovers bigger issues)

Drain performance & buildup
If your remodel reveals recurring clogs or slow drains, professional cleaning can restore flow and help protect new finishes.
Pipe repairs or replacement
If you uncover corrosion, recurring leaks, or weak pressure, addressing piping now can prevent future wall openings.
Fixture installation done right
New fixtures deserve correct sealing, secure mounting, and reliable shutoffs—especially in busy family bathrooms.

Planning a full remodel scope? You can also review our remodel plumbing service page here: Remodels.

Ready to plan your Caldwell plumbing remodel with fewer surprises?

Whether you’re refreshing a hall bath or redesigning your kitchen plumbing layout, a short planning call can prevent expensive rework—especially when drains or supply lines need to move.
Schedule Remodel Plumbing Help

Prefer urgent help? Visit our 24/7 emergency plumbing page.

FAQ: Plumbing remodels in Caldwell, ID

Do I need a permit if I’m remodeling a bathroom or kitchen?
If you’re moving plumbing or altering drain locations, permits are often required (and inspections help verify safety and code compliance). Requirements vary by jurisdiction and scope, so it’s best to confirm early in planning—especially for drain relocations. (remodelboise.com)
Can I keep my existing pipes and just replace fixtures?
Sometimes, yes—especially if supply lines, shutoffs, and drains are in good condition. But if you’re experiencing low pressure across multiple fixtures, frequent leaks, or discolored water, those are common signs of aging or corroded piping that may deserve a closer look before you close the walls. (integrityrepipe.com)
What’s the biggest “hidden” risk in a remodel?
Drainage and venting changes. A layout can look perfect on paper, but if venting is incorrect or drain slope is off, you may end up with slow drains, gurgling, or sewer odor. Planning the rough-in carefully helps prevent these issues.
Is hot water jetting safe for my pipes?
Hot water jetting can be an effective way to clear grease, scale, hair, and buildup. Whether it’s appropriate depends on pipe condition and material. A plumber can inspect and recommend the safest cleaning approach for your specific system.
How do I prevent my new fixtures from getting water spots and scale?
If your area has moderate-to-hard water, adding the right water treatment can reduce scale and help fixtures stay cleaner. Treasure Valley hardness varies, but nearby city data often reports moderate/hard levels. (aquatell.com)
When should I call a plumber during the remodel process?
As early as possible—before walls are closed and before fixture selections are finalized. Early planning helps confirm feasibility, reduce change orders, and keep your timeline predictable.

Glossary (remodel plumbing terms, explained simply)

Rough-in: The behind-the-wall stage where drains, vents, and supply lines are installed before drywall and finishes.
Trim-out (finish plumbing): The final stage where fixtures (toilet, faucet, shower valve trim, etc.) are installed and tested after finishes.
Vent (plumbing vent): A pipe that equalizes air pressure in the drain system so fixtures drain properly and sewer gas stays out of the home.
Trap (P-trap): The curved section of drain pipe under a sink/tub that holds water to block sewer odors.
Cleanout: An access point on a drain line that allows a plumber to clear clogs without removing fixtures.
Hot water jetting: A drain-cleaning method that uses high-pressure hot water to remove buildup from inside pipes.

Water Heater Installation in Meridian, ID: How to Choose the Right System (and Avoid Surprise Breakdowns)

January 14, 2026

A practical guide for Treasure Valley homeowners who want reliable hot water—without the guesswork

A water heater replacement usually becomes urgent at the worst possible time: a cold morning shower, holiday guests, or a puddle forming in the garage. If you’re planning a water heater installation in Meridian, Idaho, you’ll get better comfort (and fewer emergency calls) by choosing the right type and size, understanding efficiency ratings, and factoring in local conditions like water hardness.

Cloverdale Plumbing has served the Treasure Valley since 1953, and this guide reflects what homeowners commonly ask before upgrading: “Tank or tankless?” “How big?” “Why is my old unit so noisy?” and “What maintenance actually matters?”

1) Start with the two decisions that matter most: type + size

Most “bad water heater experiences” aren’t because the brand was wrong—they happen because the unit was undersized, mismatched to the home’s demand pattern, or installed without considering venting, gas line capacity, electrical requirements, and water quality.

Water heater types (quick overview)

Tank (storage) water heaters: Lower upfront cost, familiar operation, good for predictable use. Can run out of hot water if demand spikes.
Tankless (on-demand): Heats as you use it, saves space, can provide long showers—if sized correctly for flow rate (GPM) and incoming water temperature.
Heat pump water heaters: Very efficient in the right location (needs airflow and adequate ambient temperature). Not a fit for every garage/utility setup, but worth discussing if you want efficiency gains.

If you’re not sure what you have now (or what will fit), it’s usually fastest to have a plumber confirm fuel type, venting category, location constraints, and household demand before you buy anything.

2) Efficiency ratings: what “UEF” means (and what it doesn’t)

When comparing models, you’ll see UEF (Uniform Energy Factor). It’s a measure of energy efficiency—higher UEF generally means a more efficient unit. The DOE notes that UEF comparisons are made within usage “bins,” so it’s best used to compare similar types and sizes rather than treating it as the only decision point.

Practical takeaway: Use UEF to narrow choices, then confirm the first-hour rating (tank) or flow rate (GPM) (tankless), plus installation requirements.

3) Meridian’s water hardness: why it matters for water heaters

Hard water accelerates scale buildup (calcium/magnesium) inside tanks and on heating surfaces—especially in tankless units where heat exchangers have tight passages. Meridian’s published water quality data shows an average hardness around 8.59 grains per gallon across zones, which is considered hard.

What that means at home: more frequent maintenance, faster efficiency loss if you skip flushing, and a stronger case for a water softener or a clear maintenance plan—particularly if you’re investing in a premium unit.

Common hard-water symptoms that show up first

Popping/rumbling sounds (sediment and scale in the tank)
Less hot water than you used to get (usable capacity drops)
Hot water temperature swings
Higher operating costs over time

If you’re considering softening, Cloverdale Plumbing also installs water softening and treatment systems designed for local conditions.

4) Step-by-step: how to plan a smooth water heater installation

Step 1: Confirm fuel type and venting

Gas, electric, and heat pump units all have different requirements. Gas models may require specific venting, combustion air considerations, and properly sized gas piping—details that can change the project scope quickly.

Step 2: Size for your real-world demand (not just number of bathrooms)

Think through your “peak hour”: morning showers, dishwasher, laundry, and kids’ baths stacking up. A correctly sized unit should match how your household actually uses hot water—especially if you host guests or work from home.

Step 3: Decide on tank vs. tankless based on lifestyle

Tankless can be a great fit when you want continuous hot water and space savings, but it must be sized to your home’s simultaneous flow needs and maintained for scale. A tank model can be simpler and cost-effective for many families when sized appropriately and maintained.

Step 4: Plan for hard-water maintenance from day one

A periodic flush helps remove sediment that can reduce efficiency and contribute to noise and premature wear. In hard-water areas, maintenance intervals may need to be more frequent than “once a year,” depending on usage and water quality.

Step 5: Choose a licensed pro for installation and safety checks

Proper installation isn’t just about making hot water—it’s about safe operation, correct pressure/temperature relief protection, clean combustion (for gas), leak prevention, and code-compliant connections. If you’re replacing an older unit, this is also the time to address shutoff valves, expansion tanks, and drainage considerations.

For service options, you can review Cloverdale Plumbing’s water heater installation and repair page, or browse the full plumbing services list.

5) “Did you know?” quick facts that save homeowners money

Noise usually has a cause: popping or rumbling often points to sediment buildup—your heater may be working harder than it should.
Small leaks aren’t “normal aging”: even minor pooling can signal valve issues or internal corrosion. Addressing it early can prevent water damage.
UEF helps compare efficiency: a higher UEF generally means better efficiency, but sizing and proper installation are what keep comfort consistent.

6) Comparison table: which water heater is usually the best fit?

Option Why homeowners choose it What to watch for Great for
Tank (gas/electric) Lower upfront cost, straightforward replacements, dependable performance Can run out during peak demand; benefits from periodic flushing Most family homes with predictable usage
Tankless Space savings, long hot-water runs, high efficiency potential Must be sized for GPM; hard water requires descaling/maintenance Homes where continuous hot water matters most
Heat pump Very high efficiency in the right conditions Needs appropriate space/airflow; not ideal for every location Homeowners prioritizing operating cost savings
Note: The “best” option depends on your home’s existing hookups (gas/electric/venting), hot-water demand pattern, and local water quality.

7) Local angle: what Meridian homeowners should plan for

In Meridian and across the Treasure Valley, hard water is a real factor in long-term water heater performance. If you’ve noticed scale on faucets, spotty dishes, or a water heater that gets noisy, that’s often your clue to build maintenance into your plan.

Also consider how quickly an inconvenience becomes a home-stopper: no hot water for kids’ baths, laundry piling up, and winter routines disrupted. If your unit is older, leaking, or producing rusty hot water, scheduling replacement before failure can be less stressful than an emergency swap.

If you’re dealing with a clogged drain at the same time (common during holidays and guest visits), Cloverdale Plumbing provides drain cleaning in the Treasure Valley and hot water jetting for tougher blockages.

Ready to schedule water heater installation in Meridian, ID?

Get clear options, straightforward communication, and workmanship you can trust—from a family-owned Treasure Valley plumbing contractor serving local homes and businesses for decades.

FAQ: Water heater installation and replacement (Meridian, ID)

How do I know if my water heater needs replacement or just repair?

Replacement is more likely when the unit is near the end of its expected lifespan, is leaking from the tank, produces rusty hot water, or needs frequent repairs. If it’s a single component failure (thermostat, valve, element) and the tank is in good shape, repair can be a smart option.

Is tankless worth it in hard-water areas like Meridian?

It can be—especially if you value long hot-water runs and space savings. The key is proper sizing and a maintenance plan (descaling/cleaning as recommended). Many homeowners pair tankless with water treatment to reduce scale and improve consistency.

Why does my water heater make popping or rumbling noises?

That sound is often sediment or scale reacting to heat at the bottom of the tank. It can reduce efficiency and shorten service life if ignored. A professional flush/inspection can confirm whether maintenance is enough or if the tank is deteriorating.

What size water heater do I need?

There isn’t a one-size answer. A plumber will typically size a tank unit based on first-hour rating and peak-hour usage, and size tankless based on expected simultaneous flow (GPM) and temperature rise. If your mornings feel “stacked” (showers + laundry + dishes), sizing is especially important.

Do you offer emergency plumbing if my water heater fails suddenly?

Yes—Cloverdale Plumbing provides 24/7 emergency plumbing services so you can get help quickly if a leak or loss of hot water happens after hours.

Glossary (quick definitions)

UEF (Uniform Energy Factor): An efficiency rating used to compare water heaters of similar type/usage category; higher UEF typically indicates better efficiency.
First-hour rating: For tank water heaters, the amount of hot water available in the first hour of use (helps indicate real-world capacity).
GPM (Gallons per minute): For tankless systems, how much hot water flow the unit can supply at a given temperature rise.
Hardness (grains per gallon): A measure of dissolved calcium/magnesium in water; higher levels increase scale buildup and can impact appliances.
Scale / sediment: Mineral deposits (scale) and settled particles (sediment) that can build inside tanks and heat exchangers, reducing efficiency and reliability.